eIDAS信任服务比较：电子印章 vs 签名 vs 时间戳（2026年）
eIDAS规定了三种合格信任服务：电子签名（第25条）、印章（第35条）和时间戳（第41条）。每种服务具有不同的法律目的——了解您的企业需要哪一种。
2024年9月，一位苏黎世知识产权律师接受了一家瑞士软件公司的委托，该公司正就版权侵权问题起诉慕尼黑一家竞争对手。该公司在竞争对手的申请日期之前，已将其IT部门所称的"数字签名"应用于源代码存储库。当律师仔细审查该文件时，问题变得令人不安：这究竟是eIDAS第35条下的合格电子印章、第41条下的合格时间戳，还是不附带任何法律推定的基本电子签名？公司不清楚。他们的IT服务商也不清楚。法庭所需的法律推定效力不复存在。
eIDAS的三种合格信任服务是各自独立的工具，具有不同的法律效力、不同的合格持有人资格和不同的证据功能。选择错误类型的服务并非一个小小的行政失误，它可能意味着在所有27个欧盟成员国获得保护您知识产权的法律推定，与在跨境争议中提交一份毫无份量的文件之间的差异。
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